Biology lap report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science lap - Lab Report Example The temperature extend was set for 0Â °C to 95Â °C. the pace of response was straightforwardly relative to the expansion in temperature, however there was a decay after 40Â °C as visualized in the speculation, the compounds denature with an extremely high height in temperature, inferring that on the off chance that the temperature is expanded past the ideal temperature, at that point the enzymatic exercises find some conclusion and protein gets denatured. The examination additionally conceived that contagious amylase do show the somewhat quicker hydrolytic activity on starch when contrasted with the human salivary amylase. Starch is the standard segment of our every day diet. It is maybe a broad sugar in the plant world and is devoured by people and different herbivores to meet their vitality necessities. It is a polymer of glucose which delineates the linkage of ÃŽ ±-1,4 and ÃŽ ±-1,6 glucosidic holding. It is basic to break this clinging to get carbon and vitality from the starch particles; this undertaking is performed by gathering of proteins called amylases (Lehninger, 2008). There are different living beings which fill in as wellsprings of amylase, human spit and pancreas, different living beings envelop plants organisms and microbes. The current examination incorporates two gathering of amylases, human amylase and parasitic amylase. Human amylase was gotten from the salivation while the contagious amylase was secured from Aspergillus species which is profoundly common and by and large gained from soil, rotting foliage and furthermore present in air. Any response needs some commencement vitality for its beginning; this is likewise valid for organic procedures. Hydrolysis of starch additionally requires some actuation vitality however because of the nearness of organic impetuses, catalyst amylase this enactment vitality can be decreased and response is done effortlessly. Chemicals are very explicit for substrates, pH, temperature. This is clarified with the reality

The Life Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay

The Life Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay At the point when he showed up back to the United States, Walt moved back to Kansas City where he chipped away at a few distinct employments as a business craftsman and an illustrator. One of these occupations was a brief agreement with the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio where he made promotions for papers, magazines and cinemas. It was at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio where Walt met Ubbe Iwerks with whom he set up Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists, which Disney before long left and started working at Kansas City Film Ad Company where he made cut out movement advertisements. Disney chose he needed to turn into an artist, he read a book called Animated Cartoons: How They Are Made, Their Origin and Development through which he found out about cel liveliness which he saw as considerably more encouraging then pattern activity. He was permitted to acquire a camera from work to test at home. He enrolled individual Kansas City Film Ad Company representative, Fred Harman as his own first worker and th e two protected an arrangement with neighborhood theater proprietor Frank L. Newman to screen their kid's shows which they titled Laugh-O-Grams. The kid's shows were immensely effective in the Kansas City zone and from their prosperity Disney had the option to set up his own studio likewise called Laugh-O-Gram and furthermore recruit various artists including Fred Harman and Ubbe Iwerks. The organization before long failed as the studios benefits couldn't pay for the artists significant compensations and Walt couldn't deal with the cash. After the disappointment of Laugh-O-Grams, Walt put his focus on Hollywood, where he got together with his more established sibling Roy and utilizing the twos aggregate finances they set up an animation studio. At this stage a New York wholesaler Margaret Winkler marked an arrangement for some real life/enlivened shorts dependent on Alices Wonderland, which Walt had chipped away at in Kansas City with Iwerks. Walt and Roy had now set up Disney Brothers Studio, a solitary story expanding on Hyperion Avenue, LA where the organization stayed until 1939. The Alice Comedies were very fruitful until wrapping up in 1927 by which time the emphasis was for the most part on the energized characters in the arrangement as opposed to the cutting edge Alice, particularly Julius, a dark feline that looked like Felix the Cat. In 1925, Disney had employed Lillian Bounds to ink and paint celluloid, Walt dated Lillian for a short time and two got hitched around the same time. In 1927, Margaret Winklers spouse, Charles B. Mintz had assumed control over her business and requested Disney Studios to make another energized arrangement to be dispersed through Universal Pictures. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was the new arrangement and was a moment achievement. Oswald, a character drawn and made by Iwerks turned into a well known figure. The organization was doing so well that Walt recruited 4 additional artists. In February 1928, Mintz and Disney met to talk about another charge for the shorts. Disney was searching for a higher installment however Mintz educated him that not exclusively was he lessening the charge per short yet that he had taken the majority of his fundamental artists (aside from eminently Iwerks) under agreement and could start his own studio if Disney didn't acknowledge the cuts and that Universal, not Disney, claimed the trademark of Oswald the Rabbit so they could keep on making the movies without Disney. Disney declined Charles Mintzs offer and lost most of his movement staff and his cherished Oswald the Rabbit. In the wake of losing Oswald, Walt Disney felt like he required another way to deal with his kid's shows and new character to supplant Oswald. The new character depended on a mouse that Walt had received as a pet while working in Kansas City. Ub Iwerks took Disneys harsh portrayals of the mouse, making it simpler to vitalize. The mouse was initially called Mortimer, however later initiated Mickey by Lillian Disney who thought the name Mortimer was too firm and persuaded him to go with Mickey. Mortimer later became Mickeys adversary for Minnie. Mickey initially featured in two quiet movies called Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho, both these movies neglected to discover a wholesaler. At this point other film studios in Hollywood had started utilizing sound in their motion pictures and after Walt had seen The Jazz Singer, the primary film with sound, Disney chose to make the clench hand all-stable, talking and music animation with Mickey Mouse featuring as Steamboat Willie which was disseminated by Cinephone (1928). After eight years, in 1936 pundits and fans everywhere throughout the world concurred that Mickey Mouse was the most perceived figure on earth. It was Walt himself that gave Mickeys voice until 1946. In spite of the fact that he had halted really attracting the kid's shows himself 1927, Disney depended on his artists to execute his thoughts which included propelling numerous other effective animation characters over this time including Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. In 1932, Disney got an extraordinary Academy Award for the making of Mickey Mouse. Disneys Success kept on taking off all through the 30s and 40s, with 1937 1941 being known as The Golden Age of Animation. In 1934 Disney started making arrangements for a full length highlight movement, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs with an expected spending plan of $150,000 that wound up costing Disney $1.5 million. The studio really came up short on cash mid 1937 and needed to show an unpleasant slice of the film to credit officials at the Bank of America who gave them cash to complete creation. The debut on the 21st December 1937 was met with an overwhelming applause. The film was discharged in February 1938 and earned over $8 million on its first showy discharge, when the normal ticket cost was 25 pennies. On the achievement of Snow White, Disney had the option to assemble pristine studios in Burbank, which really got started in December 1939. Throughout the following four years, Disney created Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi and Dumbo and early creation work had begun on Peter Pan and Alice in Wonderland. In spite of the fact that the mid forties demonstrated hard for Disney the same number of the top artists took to the streets. Individual Politics For an amazing duration Walt Disney radiated the ideal open persona, however Walt has had numerous pundits during his life and since his passing. In the studios in Hyperion Ave, his workers knew him as Uncle Walt which at the time was an affectionate nickname and it appeared to be a benefit to them not to need to call their manager Sir or Mr. Disney. The illustrators buckled down hours to satisfy Disneys high guideline of flawlessness, Everybody adored the studio, everyone cheerfully worked after some time placing in all the hours required with no compensation, everyone enjoyed one another and loved Walt Bill Melendez, artist at Disney Studios 1937-1941. Be that as it may, when the studios moved to the new area at Burbank, Disney presented a high level of specialization among his work power changing liveliness into a creation line process, here finally was the objectively arranged industrial facility Disney had longed for. Walt flaunted the studio is a film called the hesitant mythic al beast where smiley white covered worked go cheerfully about their day. In any case, reality at the new studios wasnt all that it appeared. The laborers had been guaranteed that the move from Hyperion was beneficial for them just as Walt, however this was not the situation, in certainty a few specialists fell that is was somehow or another a decay in their working conditions. Marie Beardsley was one of the specialists who made the move everything was isolated, everything got too enormous and excessively unoriginal and I think that is the place the difficulty began. Through utilizing this production line like strategy in the studio had made a chain of command of occupations, at the top being the artists, all male and all hand picked by Disney underneath them was hundred of inkers and painters, who shaded in the a large number of pictures that made every scene. They were all ladies. Marie Beardsley said it most likely never at any point happened to Walt to place a man in the inking and painting㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ That was belittling work, she review directors strolling around and remaining behind and other ladies to perceive how well they were inking and how quick they were painting. They were planned to see were they worth keeping on. Bill Melendez reviews Walt saying that ladies were Ok to be utilized in a modest limit on the grounds that once they arrived at the age of thirty the hand got unstable so the time had come to dispose of them. Things had changed in the new studio and Disneys progressively oppressive style of the executives implied for some that the words Uncle Walt took on a considerably more evil importance. Disney was surprisingly no nonsense for a Hollywood top dog; Marie Beardsley reviews a notice being sent around to all the young ladies in inking and painting saying that The wedded men in Disney were joyfully hitched and we need the entirety of the young ladies to get that, he despised any kind of sexuality or in any event, associating among his workers. He and Lillian were together for a long time until his demise and nobody at Disney Studios reviews him ever demonstrating any enthusiasm for some other ladies. He really let one know of his artists that he cherished Mickey Mouse more than any young lady hed ever known. On Walts 35th Birthday two of the illustrators made a film of Mickey and Minnie fulfilling their relationship, toward the finish of the film Walt stood up and said that it was incredib le activity, he at that point asked who had made it, the artists who made it stood up and Walt terminated them on the spot. Contextual analysis: Disney Corporation versus Fitzpatrick In 2001, Denise and Francis Fitzpatrick, a youthful expert couple from Ireland did the unthinkable and vanquished The Walt Disney Company in a fight in court over the rights to the name of their character Piggley Pooh for a TV arrangement they needed to create. In 1999 Denise and Francis got a letter from Disney saying that the organization was contradicting their application for the trademark of Piggley Pooh in Europe in light of Disneys character Winnie The Pooh. The Fitzpatricks confronted a right around multi year long fight with one of the greatest diversion enterprises on the planet. In which they turned out to be inwardly, genuinely and monetarily broken. Winnie the Pooh is character from books composed by

Writing a KILLER LinkedIn Profile The Essay Experts First Interview

Writing a KILLER LinkedIn Profile The Essay Experts First Interview When I first launched The Essay Expert 10 years ago, I quickly realized that LinkedIn was going to be important. But I only got as far as “I think I need to have a LinkedIn profile if I’m going to be a business owner.” I had no idea at the time that the LinkedIn platform would become my focus and the bread and butter of The Essay Expert. Soon, I was making connections. One of them, a marketing expert, suggested that I do LinkedIn profile reviews for free. “Free?” my non-marketing brain protested. But since I knew pretty much nothing about marketing at the time, I trusted him. Thus, LinkedIn profile reviews from The Essay Expert were born. I got an overwhelming response and completed 25 free reviews in no time; soon I was offering 25 reviews for $25. Those went like hotcakes too. One of the first connections I made through LinkedIn caught wind of my budding LinkedIn expertise and referred me to Ellen Ingraham, a fellow Yale alumna. Ellen connected me with Carol Ross of what was then Networking Naturally. Carol invited me to do my first-ever recorded interview. The title, created by Carol, was … drumroll please … “Writing a KILLER LinkedIn Profile.” Great title, Carol! For this week’s blog, I dug up that interview. It’s an oldie but a goodie! Amazingly, just about all the advice in the interview is still applicable today. Like how to attract recruiters, get good recommendations, and stay active on LinkedIn. So today I’m sharing that first interview. You are now privileged to have a window into the beginnings of The Essay Expert’s speaking career. I’m a little less polished and confident than I am now in my speaking appearances, and I say a few more “y’knows” and “ums” than I do now. But there’s something nice about the relaxed and conversational tone of the interview. And the advice is spot on. Here it is!! document.createElement('audio'); https://theessayexpert.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/17511753154230-001.mp3 The rest is history. Through doing all those LinkedIn reviews mentioned above, I learned a ton about what worked and did not work on LinkedIn, and I started blogging about it. Eventually I had enough material to write a book. What did I choose for the title of that book? The title of that first successful teleseminar, almost verbatim. That’s how How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile was born. I suppose the lesson in all this is to say yes to things. Yes to people’s advice and to opportunities that come your way. I did that and it helped me become a best-selling author, sought-after speaker, and successful businesswoman. Ten years later, I’m still speaking and still offering LinkedIn Profile Reviews (for $75 each now). And I have not forgotten that first teleseminar where I got my start! If youre interested in a personal, 20-minute review of your LinkedIn profile, click here to learn more about my LinkedIn Review Special. I look forward to helping you craft a KILLER LinkedIn profile!

Political Power And Public Policy - 1401 Words

There are many factors that create and compose the American political system. Economic inequality plays a huge part in composing this system. The argument that has been proposed is that inequality structures political power and public policy. Having money always gets your far in this country, especially when it comes to politics. Money can not only advance you, but it can corrupt you. When you come from wealth it makes entering the political arena easier. That is what I will be arguing throughout this essay, the fact that there is inequality and that money is what runs politics. American politics has always been a field that revolves around money. The economy and political system go hand and hand. Power in the United States comes from economic power. As discussed in class â€Å"to understand political power in the United States one must appreciate the political power held by corporate America† (Market as Prison). It is not unusual to see corporations and big businesses control ling the U.S. political power. To give a prime example would be this year’s presidential election. It was between Hillary Clinton who was the former Secretary of State and Donald Trump who is a well-known business tycoon. Hillary Clinton is worth some 30 plus million dollars. Donald Trump is worth some 3 plus billion dollars. Clearly money dominates politics. The fact that the two presidential candidates were both worth substantial amounts of money shows that. This encompasses the idea of how economicShow MoreRelatedThe Weaknesses of Bureaucracies in Foreign Policy1786 Words   |  7 PagesThe weaknesses of bureaucracies in foreign policy Though bureaucracies offer plenty of advantages for foreign policy making, they still have various weaknesses that undermine the process. Firstly, bureaucracies always base their work on standard operation procedures or SOPs as the important factor for the process of decision making. Since the bureaucrat tasks based on SOPs, as the formal rule, are considered to be efficient. Though, SOPs can be changed when they are faced with serious problemsRead MoreCorporate Internal Policy Interference : A Paramount Determinant Of The Mncs Direct Influence Over Government Policy1547 Words   |  7 PagesSection III – Corporate Internal Policy Interference A paramount determinant of the MNCs direct influence over government policy is the subsystem of government policy development that includes the intense cooperation and competition between external and internal interest groups. This policy subsystem includes powerful structural industry groups that utilize economic power to create alliances in government and directly influence policy development (Eisner, p. 137, 2007). This subsystem is stable inRead MoreThe Balance Of Power Of The U.s. Federal System1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Balance of Power in the U.S. Federal System By Tim Bowles PPA601 Foundations of Public Administration Instructor Dr. Leah Raby Ashford University February 8, 2016 Abstract This writing will analyze the balance of power in this nation’s federal system. Federalism is unique in many different ways, many different areas of democracy, and many ways in a citizens’ life. The first precedent for federalism is that it tolerates different languages, and different religions with abundantRead MoreDemocratic And Democratic Political Systems Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesDemocratic Political Systems Democracy is typically known as a type of government that is ruled by the people. Active public participation in political matters, free and fair elections, equality, and protection of basic human rights are at the core of democratic political systems. 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The majority party that holds the most seats will control the executive branches of the government. At the same time, the upper house of Parliament (i.e. the House of Lords) is political appointees that will have a role in determining who serves in the judiciary and overseeingRead MoreSystems Model; Critique1687 Words   |  7 PagesCritique the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics Models, theories and concepts as approaches for analysing policy and decision making have been developed by political and social scientists to guide the study of public policy, to facilitate communication and to suggest possible explanations for policy actions. This essay is a critique of the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics. 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Killer Angels Essay - 714 Words

Killer Angels The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of the major leaders, but it also gives you the maps an strategies used in this war. It also shows you the conflicts in making these strategies. This book has inspired many, but the true question is will it inspire you? Reading this book will cause†¦show more content†¦Those details keep the reader in the game, so to speak. Another one of the authors man ideas is using the leaders in separate points of view. In every chapter there was a different leader and his point of view. This showed how everyone felt about each battle or occurrence. The author did not attempt to sway the reader to one army or the other. He let the reader choose whose side he or she was on. Michael Shaara does not ever describe army or the other as the bad guys or the good guys. The strategies and tactics used during this war were described in detail. The more important thing described, however, is not the actual strategy, but who made these strategies and what the other leaders thought of them. When General Lee decided to attack the enemy head on instead of going around them, not everyone agreed with the plan. Longstreet, for one, thought that they should have gone around the enemy and hit them from the back. These conflicts were great to see because it showed that everything was not going in perfect unison. It showed that these strategies we not always etched in stone. These plans had the potential to be changed many times. No successful strategy has gone uncontested and unchanged. All of the things that were said and done in the book are all at least somewhat true. Although, many of theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Killer Angels1776 Words   |  8 PagesKiller Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara. The book tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel is told through the voices of both Union army and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia leaders who were in battle there. The novel is laid out in days and each new chapter for the day gives a number and the name of the man who is the focus of the chapter. In Killer Angels, the Army of Northern Virginia’s demise is highlighted by a few different featuresRead More Killer Angels Essay2541 Words   |  11 Pages The Killer Angels The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. 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He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches ShaaraRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Abraham Lincoln1046 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst itself cannot stand.† Lincoln believes that there is no such thing as a balance between free and slave states and that the two contradictory governments are bound to fall. That describes the conflict that occurs in the fictional novel, The Killer Angels, a civil war story between the Union and Confederate states fighting to achieve the government they yearn for. The setting takes place in the midst of the Battle of Gettysburg as the two sides prepare for the fight. The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels Book Review1641 Words   |  7 PagesKatie Cline The Killer Angels Book Review June 21, 2012 The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara: The Random House Publishing Group, New York, 1974. The Killer Angels is a stunning recollection of the telltale battle of the Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg. 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Lee, James Longstreet, various soldiers from both sides, and other men who fought in the battle. This author makes the reader go back in time and actually makes the reader depict the circumstances, and situations that soldiers and generals faced. This Novel makes the reader know that both sides were eager to win, and bring this bloodshed to an end. This amazing Novel shows how neighbor

The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness Free Essays

string(46) " Pole in Figure 7 and South Pole in Figure 2\." The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness Introduction The ozone O3has good and bad effects on the Earth. For illustration the stratosphere, where most of the ozone is located, absorbs harmful UV beams. Because the ozone plays such an of import function on human life and the ecosystem, it is of import to invariably endeavor to larn more about the ozone and record and analyze informations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to Shaw, while both O and ozone together absorb 95 to 99.9 % of the sun’s UV radiation, merely ozone efficaciously absorbs the most energetic UV visible radiation, known as UV-C and UV-B, which causes biological harm ( Shaw, 2014, p. 3 ) . When UVC is absorbed by free O groups in the stratosphere, they break apart into two O atoms, and so they combine with O2molecules to organize stratospheric ozone Oxygen3, shown by the undermentioned reactions: Oxygen2+hvi O + O O + O2+ M i O3+ M wherehvis ultraviolet radiation and M is an inert molecule that enhances the reaction of O with O2. The ozone is created, destroyed and created once more in rhythms, of course. While there are legion reactions of how the ozone is destroyed of course, anthropogenetic substances/processes are increasing the devastation the ozone. Examples of anthropogenetic substances/processes would be CFC’s such as infrigidation, air conditioning and aerosol propellents. Halons ; man-made chemicals that can be used to snuff out fires. Burning of fossil fuels. If the ozone continues to be destroyed faster than the natural procedure of being created, less and less of the harmful UV visible radiation will be absorbed in the stratosphere and will finally do it to the Earth’s surface. The UV radiation to the surface would ensue in effects to the worlds and the ecosystems such as the addition of skin malignant neoplastic disease instances, development of cataracts, lessening in photosynthetic productiveness, an addition in vaporization rates and lessening in precipitation. To protect the ozone’s hereafter from anthropogenetic substances the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, with extra understandings, required states to diminish the sum of atmospheric concentrations of CFCs. With these understandings, concentrations chlorine began to diminish in 1995 ( Sahw, 2014, p. 6 ) . Analyzing the information recorded about the ozone thickness provides grounds on whether the ozone is consuming or non, penetration on the effects of anthropogenetic substance/processes and aid in the formation of theories, such as the ozone repairing itself. This assignment will supply a general apprehension of the tendency of longitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15-20, 30/35 and 50/55 for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was provided for this assignment by Professor Shaw. Harmonizing to the hand-out provided the information was collected by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ) for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. The TOMS instrument provides scientists with a planetary position of the stratospheric ozone bed in existent clip with measurings for the full universe every 24 hours ( Shaw, 2014, p. 6-7 ) . The provided information was manipulated in an excel spreadsheet to concentrate on latitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15/20, 30/35, 50/55. The given informations was so manipulated and graphs created utilizing excel to be better represented and more easy understood. Each latitudinal set of involvement was individually graphed over the eight twelvemonth span to compare by the months of January, April, July and October. Then the one-year mean for each latitudinal set of involvement was calculated ( non including the months with zero readings ) and put into a graph demoing the tend ency of the entire ozone thickness over the eight twelvemonth span. More specific inside informations may be found in the lab instructions titledThe Chemistry of the Ozone Layer( Shaw, 2014, p. 8 ) . Additionally, a press release by Mindy Shaw and the text edition,Global Environment: Water, Air and Geochemical Cycles, were available with information sing the behaviour of the stratigraphic ozone. After reading the stuff sing the stratigraphic ozone the graphs were interpreted and hypothesis’ formed. Consequence Figure 1: The one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal sets -60/-55, -40/-35, -10/-5, 15-20, 30/35, 50-55 for the old ages of 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records.img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.001.png"/ Figure 2: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -60/-55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.002.png"/ Figure 3: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -40/-35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.003.png"/ Figure 4: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -10/-5 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.004.png"/ Figure 5: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 15/20 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.005.png"/ Figure 6: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 30/35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.006.png"/ Figure 7: The monthly tendency of the ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 50/55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1250577.007.png"/ Discussion Harmonizing the Figures 2 – 7, the variableness in the tendencies of the latitudinal sets gets larger the further off from the equator they are. Vice versa the closer to the equator the less variableness there is, as seen in Figures 4 and 5. This correlativity is due to the Earth’s joust. As the Earth jousts towards the Sun the Earth receives more sunlight and consequences in longer yearss. This addition in sunlight additions the sum of high-energy solar atoms striking the ambiance which consequences in an addition in coevals of ozone. The information besides shows a tendency of a thicker ozone bed near the poles during the spring seasons for the single poles respectfully ( Figure 2 and Figure 7 ) . The North Pole spring season begins around March while the South Pole spring season begins around September. A upper limit of thickness is shown for the North Pole in Figure 7 and South Pole in Figure 2. You read "The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness" in category "Essay examples" This addition in thickness during the spring season could perchance be due to the accretion of ozone transported from the Torrid Zones during the autumn and winter seasons. The twelvemonth to twelvemonth informations shows that surprisingly the ozone thickness is bit by bit increasing over clip ( Figure 1 ) . In fact, out of the latitudinal sets of involvement, the latitudinal set -10/-5 was the lone one to diminish in thickness over the eight twelvemonth span. This information entirely ( including merely the old ages of involvement from 1997 – 2005 ) does non back up the theory that the ozone is being depleted quicker than it is being of course created ; nevertheless, the correlativity of the alteration should be noted as due to the lessening of anthropogenetic substance by the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, and other extra understandings that decreased the atmospheric concentrations of CFCs. This proves an opposite relationship that a lessening in anthropogenetic substance consequences in an addition in ozone thickness. Decision Because the ozone plays such an of import function to human life and the ecosystem, it is of import to understand the behaviour and variableness of its thickness. Knowing the ozone’s behaviour allows us to protect our hereafter and cognize to diminish the usage of anthropogenetic substances/processes. By analysing informations over old ages, scientist can foretell whether or non the ozone is being depleted faster than it is of course being created or if it is repairing itself. Harmonizing to the informations the ozone fluctuates in thickness globally due to latitudinal place, seasonal alterations and the increase/decrease of anthropogenetic substances. While latitudinal place and seasons is a natural procedures in assisting with creative activity and devastation rhythm of the ozone, the sum anthropogenetic substances is something that can be controlled. The information proves that a lessening in anthropogenetic substance consequences in an addition in ozone thickness. Appendix: Appendix 1: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -60/-55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -60 / -55 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 309.5 297.8 292.4 294.9 292.9 297.2 301.7 314.6 323.6 326.8 323 309.3 307 1998 304.5 295.4 289.1 290.2 299.3 318.7 323.1 317.9 316.3 334.9 332 310.9 311 1999 301.5 292.8 288.8 290.6 299.9 309.8 316.3 314 325.5 333.6 329.8 306.5 309 2000 297.2 293.9 291.6 291.4 291.3 295.2 296.5 295.7 321.7 344.5 337.3 322.1 307 2001 307.8 297.9 295.1 296 305.6 315.8 315.4 310 321 328.8 330 309.2 311 2002 301.6 292 294.7 291.8 299.5 313.5 327.5 338.8 351.5 367.9 343 325.2 321 2003 313.3 304.2 295.2 293.9 297 299.1 303.6 299 315.3 344.1 342.2 321.1 311 2004 307.3 299.6 295.7 302.1 301.1 308.2 310.6 321.4 334.9 344 329.4 313.7 314 2005 308.8 295.1 287.4 287.9 290.5 299.6 303 317.4 329.5 342.9 338.6 0 309 Appendix 2: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -40/-35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -40 / -35 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 270.3 269.2 267.3 266.2 271.6 280.5 290.1 305.6 319 317.3 302.9 285.8 287 1998 277.4 272.8 271.8 273.8 284.3 300.8 316.3 323 335.8 329.9 312.8 295.6 300 1999 271.5 268.9 267.8 268.3 272.9 286 302.8 318.8 327.4 327 311.6 286.6 292 2000 274.5 268.7 265.2 268 277.9 296.1 312.2 330.2 336.4 331.1 309.6 286.6 296 2001 278.9 271 268.2 269.9 279.6 301.1 319.3 326 335.4 332.1 317.8 297.6 300 2002 284.3 279.8 274.5 276.4 282.5 296 311.3 326.6 330 330.8 311.3 297.7 300 2003 284.3 279.5 273.9 272.6 276.4 296 314.8 331.4 339.5 334.8 316.6 292.9 301 2004 280.4 273.8 270.5 263.5 270.8 279.9 294.5 312 324 319.6 305.7 285.7 290 2005 275.7 272.1 271 271.2 281.7 303.8 319.7 335.2 340.7 335.6 309.8 0 302 Appendix 3: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set -10/-5 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band -10 / -5 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 254 257 260.5 260.3 255.4 256.8 258.7 259.5 265.5 266.8 259.7 247.9 259 1998 242.2 245.9 248.7 249.1 249.6 250.1 256.6 264.9 272.9 273.7 269.4 267.3 258 1999 260.9 262 260.6 262.2 262.1 261.3 264.5 267.5 273.1 272.7 265.3 258.2 264 2000 257.7 258.4 260.7 261.1 259.7 258.5 258.2 263.6 269 264.2 258.5 253.5 260 2001 253.1 249.5 251.8 252.6 248.8 247.5 250.8 257.4 269.5 273.3 272.8 270.1 258 2002 269 271.4 269.6 267.2 261.5 258.9 258.5 263.9 268.3 268.8 264 254.6 265 2003 252.1 253.5 255.7 255.4 254.1 255.9 257.4 262.9 268.9 264.3 260 258.5 258 2004 254 258.9 261 262.7 261.4 260.6 264.5 267.6 273.3 267.3 261.9 256.6 262 2005 253.2 253.2 252.4 251.6 251.1 252.7 256 259.8 264.2 264.5 257.8 0 256 Appendix 4: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 15/20 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 15 / 20 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 236.5 239.8 253.2 267.7 271.9 273.2 276.8 272.7 268.1 263 254 247.7 260 1998 243.8 250.5 262.4 276.3 281 281.6 282.3 280.5 276.1 265 249.4 244.2 266 1999 240 243 255.1 272.2 280.9 282.8 282.2 281 277.9 269.3 259.7 254.7 267 2000 256.3 262.9 270.8 283.4 285.7 283.6 281.5 280.2 275.7 264 253.9 247.8 270 2001 251.1 253.4 267.9 283.8 285.3 283.6 282.9 281.3 274.7 264.2 252.3 241.4 268 2002 241.4 248.6 259.1 275.3 282.5 284.5 282 278.9 273.4 265.2 256.9 245.4 266 2003 244 252.4 270.2 284.1 289.8 289.4 287.2 284.4 277.8 263 248.3 241.8 269 2004 236.7 242.5 257.4 271.1 280.6 286 285.3 281.9 277 266.8 258.9 253.4 266 2005 254.9 260.2 268.2 277.4 283 279.4 279.3 276.1 272.9 263.1 248.8 0 269 Appendix 5: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 30/35 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 30 / 35 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 279.5 286.7 300.3 306.9 303 299.4 291.6 283.8 279.2 278.7 277 282.5 289 1998 291.7 303.7 319.4 325.6 324.6 310.3 297.6 293.3 283.6 272.7 262.1 263.3 296 1999 270.1 281 290.8 305.2 311 303.2 297.7 293 284.4 274.7 274.1 277.3 289 2000 292.5 297.2 310.3 315 311.4 301.1 296.4 291.9 282.5 270 262.3 270.4 292 2001 285.8 292.8 309.3 320.9 317.6 304.2 297.7 292.9 280.6 272.9 266.9 266.9 292 2002 270.9 277.1 296.9 314.6 316.1 309.3 299.8 292.8 283.6 274.8 271.5 281 291 2003 290.5 309.1 317.9 323.4 321.8 311.3 300.7 294.9 283.9 271.3 264 267.4 296 2004 273.1 283.1 295 312.7 316.9 308.5 301.6 293.2 283.8 276.5 269.7 279.2 291 2005 297.6 308.9 314.2 320.3 320.2 308.1 296.9 290.9 280.8 268 261.2 0 297 Table 6: The monthly norm and one-year mean ozone thickness recorded by the TOMS for the latitudinal set 50/55 for the old ages 1997 – 2005. The ozone thickness is measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) . The one-year mean calculated does non include the nothing ( 0 ) records. Monthly Average and Annual Mean Ozone Thickness For the Latitudinal Band 50 / 55 Thickness measured in Dobson Units ( DU ) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean 1997 364.4 383.4 384.9 371.4 359.2 348.3 330 312 302.7 298.7 308.8 342 342 1998 380 397.9 407.4 401.2 381.4 364.2 339.6 320.6 308.6 304.6 329.5 342.1 356 1999 365.3 387.8 413.6 391 372.9 354.7 330.8 314.9 305.6 306.7 312.2 341.4 350 2000 359.8 383.6 387 377 369.8 348.1 327.4 309 301.2 304.5 323.2 362.1 346 2001 377.5 405.3 407.3 395.9 373.6 356.3 332.4 315.6 307.5 310 309.5 343.2 353 2002 361 371.6 397.2 389 375.9 356.2 331.3 316.2 303.7 308.4 318.9 355 349 2003 378 398.4 409.5 401.8 381.2 357.7 340.1 322 307 301.4 318.3 334.8 354 2004 367.2 386.1 399.5 393.7 373.6 354.3 333.4 320.4 304.7 297 304.8 329.9 347 2005 350.2 374.5 390.5 382.6 370.2 351.7 332.7 315.3 301.7 296.6 How to cite The Ozone Behavior and Variability of Thickness, Essay examples

Trade Theories

Question: Write an essay onAbsolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage trade theories. Answer: The study elucidates the concept of Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage trade theories along with the differences between them. Apart from this, the limitations of these trade theories are demonstrated in this particular theory. International trade defines the process of exchanging goods and services between people and entities in two different countries (Hanson 2012). More specifically, a deal of business policies and strategies constitute international trade. Different countries involved in international trade because more benefit is expected from exchange (Hanson 2012). Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage trade theories and their limitations: Absolute Advantage Trade Theory In context of trade theory, Seretis and Tsaliki (2015) defined that a country has absolute advantage when it is capable in producing same amount of goods at lower cost comparing to other countries. It further defines that less amount of resources are required to produce same amount of goods. Hanson (2012) argued that it becomes difficult to measure absolute advantage when producing the same good inputs different factors in different countries. However, Seretis and Tsaliki (2015) mentioned that a country produced only the goods in which it is more efficient, and trade the goods in which it has less efficiency. Absolute increase can be enhanced by increasing the level of available capital such as factories and infrastructures. For example, India has abundant of labor force and the labor cost is much lower in comparison to that of Philippines. This led India to acquire absolute advantage against Philippines in operating call centers (Hanson 2012). Limitations of Absolute Advantage Trade Theory As opined by Hanson (2012), some limitations are there in absolute advantage trade theory. These are: Account transportation cost is majorly involved in selling the goods and services in the international market. However, it is not considered in determining the absolute advantage of a country. The absolute advantage is determined by the assumption that the exchange rates are stable. It assumes that labor can easily switch between products. This is because, it assumes the labors will work with same efficiency. Comparative Advantage Trade Theory Bahar, Hausmann and Hidalgo (2014) explained that a country has comparative advantage when it is capable to produce a particular good at lower relative opportunity cost comparing to that of other countries. The major difference of comparative advantage with absolute advantage can be elaborated in terms of amount of production. As the comparative advantage defines only the ability of particular production at lower opportunity cost, it does not mean that the country will produce the product at a greater volume. For example, suppose 'Country A' has absolute advantage in producing both the goods X and Y in comparison to 'Country B'. Then, 'Country B' will produce the good in which it has less opportunity cost (Markusen 2013). Limitations of Comparative Advantage Trade Theory Baldwin and Robert-Nicoud (2014) brought out some limitation in comparative advantage trade theory: It is based on a wrong assumption that the wages of the industries between two countries will not vary. Different goods have different demand elasticity. It can be supported by an example. Suppose, 'Country A' is specialized in producing jewelry and thus it is exported in order to import food from 'Country B'. In the tough economic times, when global demand may fall, 'Country A' might confront difficulties to trade jewelry products to import food. Conclusion: The major difference between absolute advantage trade theory and comparative advantage trade theory is highlighted in this study. It concludes that absolute advantages defines a country's ability in producing certain goods more efficiently than others. Whereas, the comparative advantage defines a country's ability in producing certain goods with a lower opportunity cost than another country. However, a number of limitations are there in correct measurement of both absolute and comparative advantage. It concludes that most of the wrong measurement is based on the wrong assumptions of international trade. Reference List Bahar, D., Hausmann, R. and Hidalgo, C.A., 2014. Neighbors and the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations: Evidence of international knowledge diffusion?. Journal of International Economics, 92(1), pp.111-123.Baldwin, R. and Robert-Nicoud, F., 2014. Trade-in-goods and trade-in-tasks: An integrating framework. Journal of International Economics, 92(1), pp.51-62.Hanson, G.H., 2012. The rise of middle kingdoms: Emerging economies in global trade. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), pp.41-63.Markusen, J.R., 2013. Putting per-capita income back into trade theory.Journal of International Economics, 90(2), pp.255-265.Seretis, S.A. and Tsaliki, P.V., 2015. Absolute Advantage and International Trade Evidence from Four Euro-zone Economies. Review of Radical Political Economics, p.0486613415603160.

American Literature How does American Literature shape or reflect society Flashcard

American Literature: How does American Literature shape or reflect society?

Jewish Revolt essays

Jewish Revolt essays The Jewish revolt led by Bar Kochba in 132 AD was not the work of a single if a single radical revolutionary. It was the inevitable result of years of promises not kept to the Jews, and laws which suppressed the basis of Jews as a nation. To understand the reason for Bar Kochbas Revolt one must go back many years even before the war. Prior to Hadrian, an emperor by the name of Trajan was the ruler of the Roman empire. Due to the rebellion of the Jews in the Diaspora to the east and the west of them, Trajan, in order to keep the Jews in Palestine from rebelling he had to send a great general to be governor of the Jews in Palestine, a general who was well with the harshness in which he treated people. This generals name was Tineius Rufus, he was the general that put down the uprising of the Jews in Parthia. Because of Rufus reputation of his severity to the Jews, he uprooted any thought of the Jews in Palestine to rebel against Rome at that time. The Jews did not want to rebel anyway. Trajan had promised the Jews that he would rebuild the asenv ,hc, the Jews assumed this also meant The Pagans in Palestine did not want the asenv ,hc to be rebuilt, they thought that if it was rebuilt it would be the rebirth of the Jewish nation. Also, in addition, Trajan, the Emperor who made this promise died and was succeeded by Hadrian. The Jews were unsure if Hadrian would keep the promise that Trajan once made. Hadrian wanted to go to Jerusalem to see what he was rebuilding before he started the construction. When Hadrian got there he was awed by the sight of a once desolate and fruitful city in ruins. He immediately wanted to start the reconstruction. However later the Jews were surprised and disappointed to discover that Hadrian wanted to rebuild Jerusalem not as a city for the Jews to restart in, but as a Pagan city sanctified to the Pagan G-...

Third-party behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Third-party behavior - Research Paper Example Sources have revealed that in the Criminal Justice System (CJS), methods applied in the crime prevention and reduction is inefficient. For instance, in the most cases, the CJS acts only when a crime occurs or is discovered by the respective authority. Surprisingly, they take act only if the crime detection procedure and the investigation culminate into the identification of a suspect and a decision to charge them with an offense (Cochran, et al. 77). It is, therefore necessary to implement a well-outlined procedural way of preventing and reducing the occurrence of such crimes. Therefore, I do not believe in criminalizing a third party who fails to react by stopping, reporting or preventing the occurrence of the crime. Since the nature of the crime differs, criminalizing a third party can only occur depending with its intensity. The US constitution, which is the supreme law, allows people some freedom to act provided one fails to meddle with others rights (Harr and Hess 23). Therefore, some actions like prostitution and public-intoxication cannot result to the criminalization of a third party who fails to report or prevent the occurrence of such a crime. In brief, the nature of crime determines whether to criminalize a third party for inaction. In some circumstances, the behavior of the third party calls for criminology. For instance, the third party may give moral, material, or financial support (Gibson and Cavanido 20). In addition to the provision of such a support, the third party may refuse to take actions, after witnessing the suffering of either party. The CJS should thus consider some issues before the initiation of the third party criminalization process. It is thus a duty of the CJS to device a well-outlined procedure to follow for the criminalization of a third party. Since the third party has profound responsibility in most of the crimes committed, it is therefore, a duty of the CJS to conduct its

Emerging Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Emerging Markets - Essay Example While developing economies are usually flooded with emerging markets, the concept is not novel to developed economies. It is these emerging markets, which when successful in the future, become economic giants in the industry (Garten, 1997). The emerging markets need to consider a lot of geographical and economic concerns before setting in a foreign country. They may be small enterprises or large projects. This paper seeks to evaluate the industry of emerging markets in the Latin America, particularly in Mexico, and see how successful it has been over the years. It would also analyze how these emerging markets have affected the economy of Mexico and all related economies. Emerging markets have had positive impacts and some negative setbacks and this paper would state both sides of the picture. Latin America is a developing nation striving to make its make its mark in today’s world and it is the emerging markets in and of Latin America that will one day, help it in doing so. Mexico is one large country that comes under the flag of Latin America.Latin America is an area of approximately 21 million kilometers square, which is 14.1% of the Earth’s land surface. It holds a population of 570 million and there is a lot of diversity of cultures prevalent in the area. Spanish, Portuguese and French are the three most commonly used languages in Latin America. Its GDP is 4.26 trillion United States dollars and the economy is expanding at a relatively decent rate of 4 percent per annum. The population of Mexico is one of the most diverse in the world. It comprises of different ethnic groups, races, creeds and ancestries. The Europeans or the Whites form the largest community of Mexico contributing to over 80 percent of its population. Other than that, Mexico is home to the Mestizos, Amerindians and Mulattos with Blacks, Asians and Zambos

Engineering Management at Toyota

Engineering Management at Toyota Toyota Motor Corporation is the second largest producer of automobiles in the world. It has its headquarters in Japan and is present in a large number of countries around the world. This multinational company was established by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937. It was formed as a result of a spin-off from a company known as Toyota Industries which was owned by his father. At present, the company leads a group composed of 522 subsidiaries. Toyota has also ventured in to other fields of business like financial services and production of robots in addition to its automobile production operations. The company, in combination with its parent group-Toyota Industries, forms one of the biggest conglomerates of the world. It also has the honor of being the only automobile producer appearing in the top10 BrandZ name recognition ranking. The premier brands owned by the company include Toyota, Lexus and Scion. It has a majority shareholding in Daihatsu Motors and has a minor share in Fuji Heavy Industries, Isuzu Motors, and the engine, motorcycle and marine craft manufacturer Yamaha Motors. The values adopted by the company’s management have been developed by its founders and have played a significant role in its success. These values have emphasized the importance of terms like, Lean Manufacturing and Just in Time Production (JIT). Toyota has also developed a unique approach, popularly known as The Toyota Production System (TPS) which forms the basis of its Lean manufacturing. The TPS is a wonderful blend of the values adopted by the company and the practices implemented by its management. The system is responsible for ensuring a proper coordination with the customers as well as the suppliers. Its preliminary business objectives were to get profit from the technologies offering potential to develop the customer experience through personalization and streamlining the internal processes in order to ensure a sustained profitability for the business (Liker, J 2004). However, Toyota has always made improvements in its existing processes to sustain its current growth rate. As a result of this, the company is able to withstand the fierce competition experienced in the automobile sector, for a number of decades. Just In Time (JIT) Just in Time is an effective combination of a number of techniques that aim to increase the return on investment of a business-activity. This is done by decreasing the size of the in-process inventory, and various associated costs, related to it. It has been observed that this technique results in remarkable improvement in an organizations return on investment, quality, efficiency and effectiveness. In fact, JIT has been considered as an integral component of an organization’s philosophy and not merely as a production technique. (Ohno 1988) JIT was first developed and mastered inside the manufacturing units of Toyota by Taiichi Ohno in order to satisfy the requirements of the customers without causing any kinds of delays. Later on, Taiichi Ohno came to be known as the father of JIT. Thus, the credit for publicizing the technique is given to Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. Toyota was successful in overcoming the increasing challenges for its existence through this technique as it focused upon people, plants and systems. (Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2004) The company was very quick to realize that the successful execution of JIT is possible only when each individual within the company contributed towards it. Toyota pioneered this concept to upgrade its current manufacturing process in order to compete with other major players. For a long time, the company was unable to bear the expenses of huge amounts of land used for storing its finished products and spare-parts. Due to this, the economic lot size of the organization was reduced, which led to a very low return on investment for its manufacturing units. Thus, a need was felt for making these units more flexible and eliminating the overhead costs, which were affecting the profitability. With the help of constant research-work, the engineers at Toyota redesigned the manufacturing operations in order to develop a commonality of tooling for various production processes. It also made use of flexible robotic systems for performing a majority of these operations. As a result, common subassemblies were designed that could be used in several models, without wasting much time. The development and implementation of Just In Time technique led to significant improvements for the company. As the work-in process inventory was sold immediately after it was built, a rapid increase in the liquidity was observed. At the same time, the response-time for the customer’s demands came down to about a day. The rate of customer satisfaction increased in no time as vehicles were delivered before their expected deadlines. Moreover, the risk of warehousing the vehicles was completely eliminated as the company adopted the built to order policy for them. (Just in Time- Toyota’s Manufacturing Technique 2008) The very nature of JIT emphasized heavily on the quality aspect, which in turn resulted in the production of high-quality vehicles with minimum complaints. Finally, Toyota redesigned its entire manufacturing process to remove any kind of tolerances, and implemented efficient statistical controls. Consequently, Toyota trained its suppliers to ensure a quality and timely delivery for the spare-parts. JIT increased the motivation levels of the workers, who aimed to accomplish more challenging goals. It also allowed Toyota to concentrate on group effort, which resulted in talent-identification, sharing knowledge, problem-solving skills, ideas and the achievement of a common goal. All these helped the company to secure a competitive position for itself. Stock Control Automobile industry incurred high cost on storage of materials and components. Companies used to store bulk of materials and components. It is the Toyota Corporation that invented just-in-time, a system of stock control. Toyota has adopted JIT method of ordering inventory, for instance it does not keep many assembled cars in its stock. Rather, it manages to assemble the cars in 4 hours after the order is placed. There are many plants of the company who deliver parts and components for manufacturing. Wastage of time is minimized through just-in-time stock control. Detailed production schedules were worked out by manufacturers to find the efficient manufacturing system. Card ordering system ‘Kanban’ was developed to reduce the space and cost attached with large quantities. In Toyota, components were ordered only after the instruction of ‘Kanban’. According to this plan, material that can be used in 1 hour is kept in the stock. But production of whole car plant would be stopped if there is any delay of more than I hour. Initially, it was not easy to cope with the new system ‘just-in-time’. Very soon, Toyota outperformed and developed effective production system. (Hancock, Bolling Pearce 2001) Toyota production system is surprising and highly successful. The production system is valuable and useful due to its integration. Toyota production system focuses on removing waste. Lean manufacturing specialist says ‘just find and eliminate waste’ (Lean manufacturing, 2001). Searching for the waste and eliminating it leads to continuous improvement. Wastes are of many types such as organizational, psychological and materialistic. Bad design is one of the most terrible and careless mistakes, which occurs due to negligence. Bad design problem starts at the commencement of manufacturing and have an effect on other functions. Designing not only includes the design of tools and parts but also the design of manufacturing process. It is expensive to fix the poor design. (Lean manufacturing 2001) If there is a defect in any manufacturing phase, it goes down the line. This defect leads to losses that increase exponentially. Toyota has quality control system, which emphasizes on finding defects. Quality of work in an organization cannot be improved if labor feel shameful on their mistakes and have fear in their mind. (Lean manufacturing 2001) In Toyota, there is an environment of pointing out of fault by the person who has committed it. The organization has an efficient manufacturing environment, in which an employee is encouraged not to commit the mistake again instead of being punishing for that mistake. Employee training is of paramount importance in Toyota Production System. Voice of employees is listened by the management of company. Consumer demand is center of gravity in inventory management of Toyota production System. Employee feedback is also an important part of production system. Strict actions are taken on management mistakes, as they are important and harmful than the mistakes committed by the worker. Management mistakes are taken seriously and proper attention is given to them. Layout of production floor reduces motion of workers and assemblies. Employees at Toyota have specialization in many tasks, which is helpful when main skills of the workers are not required. In the period of low demand, plans are set to hold the meetings and improvements are made in off time. Inventory is highly reduced in production system. Toyota Production System stresses on consumer demand for material resource planning. Inventory is not pushed from behind rather it is pulled forward through manufacturing chain. Major source of waste is overproduction, which is minimized. The company tries to maintain relationships with few trustworthy suppliers as many suppliers involve much time and paperwork. Manufacturing process is standardized so that efficiency can be maintained. Design of the manufacturing process is such that it is forward looking as it helps in reducing the expenses of changeovers. Environmental Protection Toyota Corporation has always been known for its active participation in the environmental protection efforts. It regards the protection of the environment as a key issue for the constant growth of a business organization. In 2000, Toyota framed the Toyota Tsusho Group’s Environment Policy for guiding the actions of its managers and employees in accordance with the environmental issues. In the same year, the company set up the Earth Environment Committee, to promote its environment-related efforts. In fact, this committee formed the basis for the current Conference on the Global Environment. Another major effort of the company in this direction came in the form of Toyota Turkey Project. This project is assigned with the responsibility of economic development and progress based on acceptable principals of the ecological studies, for the coming generations. Since, high-quality products are manufactured in secure and hygienic working-environment; the project ensures that its operations strictly follow the global Toyota environmental policies in product development, design and manufacturing processes. (Environmental Factors 2008) Toyota aims to achieve its environmental protection goals with the help of following processes- Manufacturing automobiles with minimum utilization of natural resources, increased usage of renewable resources, low waste production, and causing less environmental impact by the release of hazardous substances and high levels of noise. By obeying the rules concerning the legal requirements associated with environmental issues and other environmental protection legislatures to continuously assess its environmental performance. By increasing the awareness about the environment issues among various sections of the society by training them. By starting open communication with customers and public institutions in regard to environmental management system efforts and environmental protection practices. Thus, to constantly upgrade its environmental performance, Toyota sets annual goals and targets with respect to the environmental management system. Due to its responsible behavior and exemplary efforts in this direction, the company has been certified with the ISO 14001 Environment Management System Certificate. Nearly, 5.644 m ² of the manufacturing area of the company is being lightened by the sunlight, in order to decrease the electricity consumption. Similarly, the water-pipes constructed of steel are converted into HDPE pipes, to control the wastage of water. Toyota also motivates its business-partners to actively participate in the environmental protection campaigns. With the help of the trainings, members recognition about environmental concerns is increased. For this, the company celebrates the month of June as the Environment Month, every year. In this month, various programs are organized for increasing the level of environmental awareness among all people associated with the company. On similar lines, the company has launched an environmental bulletin- Toyota Green, to complement its efforts in the given direction. In addition to this, the company undertakes detailed inspections before making further investments in business to determine its environment-related impact. It is interesting to note that these inspections are based on surveys aimed to protect the environment, before setting up any new manufacturing units. For this, the company demands detailed investigation from its procurement sources to avoid any kinds of problems related to the environment. In addition to this, check sheets are designed for undertaking surveys and properly dispose off the waste materials, released as a result of the manufacturing operations carried out at the given location. Conclusion It has been seen that the company has a strong presence in the automobile market-segment. The company has a very impressive history and believes in strong cultural values. It lays a great emphasis on the aspect of quality and efficiency to win the confidence of its customers. Moreover, the company believes in making constant changes in its existing processes to remain competitive. In fact, Toyota has always been known for the adoption of latest technologies and concepts to increase its work-efficiency and productivity from time to time. This attitude of the company is supported by the introduction of modern concepts such as JIT, Kanban and Robotics, etc. At the same time, Toyota is always prepared to experiment with the new ideas suggested by its employees, suppliers or customers. Due to this flexible approach, the company has been successful in maintaining its position in a very fierce competitive scenario. At the same time, it has been able to satisfy and fulfill the demands and requirements of its customers, in the most profitable manner. Thus, the company would be able to sustain its current growth-rate and profitability, without facing any difficulty in the near future along with its mission to protect the environment from further deterioration. It is also expected that the company would continue to develop efficient and revolutionary work-methods which would be of great utility for the entire industry. However, it has to remain attentive to the constant changes taking place in its external environment and its areas of operation. References Environmental Factors 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from test.toyotsu.co.jp/data/current/pdf-400-datafile.PDF Hancock G, Bolling, K Pearce, B 2001, GCSE Graphic Products for OCR.Heinemann. Just in Time- Toyota’s Manufacturing Technique 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from www.japan-101.com/business/just_in_time.htm Lean Manufacturing 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://systems.almyta.com/articles/Inventory_Management_History_6.asp Liker, J 2004, The 14 Principles of the Toyota Way: An Executive Summary of the Culture Behind TPS, p. 37, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. Ohno, T 1988, Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production, Productivity Press. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2004, Canadian Driver Communications Inc.

Red Balloons

The song I chose to do my project on is the song 99 Red Balloons, by the artist Gabriel Kernel, also known as Nana. This was one of the songs in the ‘ass to make the point about how the war really affected the citizens and the countries themselves. The theme of this song is that overreacting right away is a bad thing. It can cause damage to you and to everything else around you. This song is representing the fact that the United States and the Soviet Union were caught up in the Cold War and it caused many problems.The example in this song is that, what if a child let go off balloon and it went over the Berlin Wall to the Soviet's side? Without deciding what it was, they blew up the whole country of Germany. This could have happened because of something so silly like a balloon. It also describes how unlucky the citizens of Germany are. They are in the middle of all of this. If something was thrown over the wall, or a balloon floated over it, their lives would have been ruined o r they could have died because of it. The Soviet Union and the united States only thought about homeless.They were waiting for some kind of spark in the war so they would know when to fight. The meaning of this whole song Is that during the cold war, the Soviet union and the united States were always at the brink of a nuclear war. This song explains a great story about what might have happened if something floated over the Berlin wall to the Soviet Union's side. In this song, the balloons are mistaken by the Soviets as some unidentified object in the sky. Their military springs into action, creating a big, useless war that destroys their city. This was all because a bunch of balloons.The song ends on a hopeful note, when Nana sings the line â€Å"Eve found one more balloon. Think of you and let it fly,† that part shows that hope still remains, despite all that was lost. A lot of people believe that this was a song about protest, but in an interview with Nana, she explained th at the song was only meant to be a place to lighten the atmosphere of fear that the Cold War was bringing to Germany during the time she wrote it. This song makes me feel really sad about the way the woo superpowers would have Just destroyed their city like this and kill all of their innocent civilians.The minute they say these unidentified objects coming their way, they Immediately shot and blew up their city. I feel awful for the poor families who could not do anything or escape from harm's way. There was always a threat of nuclear war looming in the air. People who lived through the cold war were always at a risk of nuclear war breaking out. Children had frequent drills. They were taught what to do in case an atomic bomb went off. People must have been living in days filled with fear. The united States tried to have a period of dtenet which lasted for a while, but It did not end the war. Hen I first heard the song, It made me sad that a couple of kids could have caused that much destruction by letting go some balloons. I am very thankful that I did not have to go through what they went through for over 44 years. Ready to launch a surprise nuclear attack to them and their allies. They had a new alert system called the RYAN that provided important information to them, like warning before the attack comes. Two years later in 1983, the year the song 99 Red Balloons came out, the Soviet Union's RYAN tracker spotted something.Some observers dismissed the alert and the war scare but others were not sure. The latter view seems to have been closer to the truth. These developments, along with the new United States management's tough stance toward the USSR, prompted Soviet officials and much of the populace to voice concern over the prospect of a US nuclear attack. But there really was no attack that was necessary to deal with. Like in the song 99 Red Balloons, they overreacted again, but this time to something that was not even there.

Consider the Attitudes To Women Demonstrated In the Vienna of Measure For Measure

I think most men have fooled themselves into thinking that they are the seat of power—because women have allowed them that dream. Women's subtle power is to make men think that the man is in charge. Eli Khamarov in America Explained! Throughout the course of Measure for Measure, Shakespeare highlights subordination of the female characters by the males. In the Vienna represented in the play women have to suffer exploitation and derogation as their individualism and independence are undermined. Shakespeare uses this treatment of women to exemplify the corruption in the city of Vienna. The two main female roles in Measure for Measure are Mariana and Isabella. Both these women are victims of the corrupt motives of the men who so strongly influence their lives. Isabella, the protagonist, is a nun. Her name means â€Å"consecrated to God†. Looking at the roles the other women in the play have adopted, as will be discussed in more depth during the course of this essay, it seems she is almost forced into the role by the bigoted society in Vienna. It appears that the only fate for women, unless they wish to join a convent, be a prostitute or alone, is to become a housewife. As a nun Isabella benefits from the education and relative independence (although whether this particular privilege can belong to a woman, in the Vienna Shakespeare writes about, is doubtful) she would not have if married. There are still certain restraints, in that she is not able to have the sexual freedom of women who are not so divinely consecrated and, once she has taken her vows, she is n ot allowed to entertain the company of men: Nun: †¦ When you have vowed, you must not speak with men But in the presence of the prioress; Then if you speak you must not show your face, Or if you show your face you must not speak†¦ However, this is a small sacrifice to make for the standard of life she can expect to live but in spite of the advantages of being a nun, there significant drawbacks. Isabella is forced to abide by two laws: the chauvinistic law of the land and the androcentric dogma of the church. When they collide Isabella is forced to make a choice, not only between man and God, but also between her brother's life and her soul. It is ultimately the social structure in Vienna that is responsible for her angst and consequent no-win situation. Isabella: Then Isobel live chaste and brother die: More than our brother is our chastity Ultimately, for Isabella there is no escape. Even her brother does not understand her reasoning behind the choice to sacrifice his life for control of her own: â€Å"What sin you do to save a brother's life, / Nature dispenses with the deed so far / That it becomes a virtue.† The contrast between â€Å"sin† and â€Å"virtue† accentuates the contrast between his perception of the predicament and Isabella's. Claudio also overlooks that the church does not see nature as the overall decider of right and wrong. He fails to see that this is not only Isabella clinging onto her ‘eternal life' but also that this is her bid for independence. The strength of her female character is indicated in Act II Scene iv where she delivers the only female soliloquy in the play: Isabella: To whom should I complain? Did I tell this Who would believe me?†¦ †¦ had he twenty heads to tender down On twenty blocks he'd yield them up Before his sister should her body stoop To such abhorred pollution. Though she has just been offered a vicious ultimatum by Angelo, and seems at her wits end, she stands firm in the decision she has made. Her steadfast attitude towards the values she upholds is a contrast to those displayed by the three most significant male characters in the play: Angelo: Who will believe thee, Isabel? My unsoiled name, th'austereness of my life, My vouch against you, and my place i'th'state, Will so your accusation overweigh†¦ †¦ redeem thy brother By yielding up thy body to my will†¦ In this speech Angelo reveals a part of himself so contrasting with the person spoken about so highly in Act I Scene I: â€Å"There is a kind of character in thy life / That to th'observer doth thy history fully unfold.† This â€Å"well-seeming Angelo† is not the same person revealed in Act II Scene iv, and indeed throughout the play. His lack of consistency about his scruples hints at the weakness of his character, especially compared to that of Isabella. Unfortunately for her, no matter how much she can prove herself in the presence of men her femininity remains. Were women allowed more independence and choice, Isabella would not be faced with two conflicting laws; her situation would be entirely different. Her helplessness is highlighted by the fact that it is the subordination by men that has led to her no-win predicament, yet it is only a man who has sufficient authority to grant reprieve of either of the two fates. Bearing in mind the corrupt nature of most of the men in Measure for Measure's Vienna, this can only mean Isabella will no doubt be exploited. Mariana, in contrast to Isabella's comparatively feminist existence as a nun, has found her entire life shattered by the cancellation of her betrothal to a revered Lord of the city. Not enough to lose her brother at sea, with all the family's wealth, Lord Angelo shows his superficiality along with demonstrating the attitudes of men towards women in Vienna – that they are disposable – by calling off the engagement. Duke: †¦her brother Frederick was wrecked at sea, having in that perished vessel the dowry of his sister†¦ she lost a noble and renowned brother, in his love toward her ever most kind and natural; with his the portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry; with both, her combinate husband, this well-seeming Angelo. Isabella: Can this be so? Did Angelo so leave her? Duke: Left her in tears, and dried not one of them with his comfort; swallowed his vows whole†¦ a marble to her tears Here the Duke reveals the sad truth of Mariana's past which, as a woman, she is powerless to do anything about. The Duke says her brother loved her, Angelo clearly did not. In jilting her he demonstrates that his interests in her were based purely on the money she can access from her family. Kathleen McLuskie writes in The patriarchal bard: â€Å"There is evidence to suggest that marriage was regarded as just an instrument of social control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The truth of this is slowly revealed throughout the play, though remains disguised until the final scene, especially in this scene. The accuracy of McLuskie's statement resonates through this scene the significance of its fact is seen in Mariana's daily life. The Duke's second statement describes Angelo's lack of interest in Mariana besides as a source of riches and probably business relations of some sort. Since the Duke describes Angelo as a model person, this appears to be accepted as some sort of norm amongst the aristocracy in Vienna. Through Mariana is shown the effect this self-interest has on the women in the society. Mariana is now confined to a moated grange where she has little company and even less to occupy her time. Shakespeare uses Mariana's character later in the play to exaggerate the forgiving nature of women, one of the few positive attributes he bestows upon the female characters in Measure for Measure. Mariana: Oh, my dear lord, I crave no other, nor better man. Although the women in Vienna are stripped of their freedom and seem to have their sense of responsibility undermined, they retain their principles and live up to the roles they hope to be given. They remain steadfastly loyal: Isabella to the doctrines of the church and Mariana to Angelo, regardless of the price they have to pay. Their devotion is often presented as submission: Isabella: (to Duke) I am directed by you. What Isabella does not realise when she utters these words is the situation to follow. This may be a premonition (as frequently occur in Shakespeare's plays) of the obedience the Duke of her in the final scene. Perhaps what Eli Khamarov claims in America Explained! is true also in Shakespeare's Vienna, that women allow men power over them. Then the question needs to be asked, â€Å"What do women gain from permitting men to domineer them?† Sexual freedom is certainly not the answer. The sexual constriction of Isabella and Mariana's lives is a stark contrast to that of the prostitutes, which make up a large Viennese sub-culture, in particular Mistress Overdone. Lucio: Behold, behold, where Madam Mitigation comes. I have purchased as many diseases under her roof as come to [judge] This brothel-owner is nicknamed Madam Mitigation by Lucio, since she ‘alleviates' men's sexual tension. Her liberalism is however still as much of a bane to her as Isabella's chastity is to Claudio and Angelo alike when, on the promotion of Angelo to â€Å"acting duke†, the brothels are ordered to close. Mistress Overdone: But shall all our houses of resort in the suburbs be pulled down? Pompey: To the ground, mistress. Mistress Overdone: †¦ What shall become of me? Caught in a vicious cycle, Mistress Overdone cannot marry, since no man wishes to marry her because she is a prostitute. If she cannot marry she must support herself; the only trade women are welcome in is prostitution hence she must remain a prostitute. But this in turn means no man will marry her. Mistress Overdone's lack of choice in her own life is another example of the double standards adopted by the corrupt men in Viennese society. This is a culture where women are used for sex yet still expected to remain pure and chaste. Their civil rights are abused, they are treated as second-class citizens, and their freedoms of speech and choice are taken from them. The comparison of the female characters suggested in the first paragraph of this essay when establishing Isabella's choice of becoming a nun is a good starting point for this. Mistress Overdone has the most freedom of any woman, but she pays for this with any emotional security she could hope for. Isabella has emotional security within the constraints of religion, but no freedom. There is also the possibility she may have little companionship. Mariana has no emotional security or freedom. When Juliet exercised her freedom within her emotional security; she had both taken from her. Since, even though the women in Vienna are stripped of their freedom and seem to have their sense of responsibility undermined, when a man is sentenced to death for impregnating his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e, the moral responsibility of the action is placed on the woman. Duke: So then it seems your most offenceful act Was mutually committed. Juliet: Mutually. Duke: Then was your sin of a heavier kind than his. Juliet: I do confess it, and repent it, father. Although the Duke is here posing as a friar, either he is adopting the attitude of the church he is representing, or he is following his own moral code. By going along with the church's belief Shakespeare is using him to show the patriarchal set-up of the religion in Vienna. If the Duke is using his own ideals as a guide, this is similarly as worrying since he is the ruler of the city and has the superseding voice. The exploitative nature of the men in Vienna is shown by the treatment of both Isabella and Mariana by Angelo and the Duke throughout the play. They are humiliated in public and subordinated in private. Angelo: For that her reputation was disvalued In levity. Since which time of five years I never spake with her, saw her, nor heard from her Angelo's jilting of Mariana leads to a decline her self-esteem whilst the Duke's manipulation of the two women results in his exultation and their continued lack of choice, as he marries Mariana to Angelo and demands Isabella's own hand in marriage. This lack of respect for women's own abilities to make choices renders them powerless over even their own lives. What Shakespeare says about Vienna through the men's treatment of women is evident. Men who do not respect others, and who strip the rights of women to save their own face not achieve their goals. Nonetheless Shakespeare does not show them suffering, especially not at the hands of the women. Angelo ends the play married to a woman who loves him dearly and will pander to his every want. Claudio, in his inability to understand Isabella's decision to let him die, finds himself not having to. The Duke is still asking for Isabella's hand right up to the end of the scene. Her name suggests she will not give in. Yet it is not only on the account of oppression that men stand accused of maltreating females, Shakespeare strongly highlights issues including sexual double standards and general moral hypocrisy. Claiming that the Vienna in Measure for Measure was indicative of the London of his time, Shakespeare shows what little he thinks of the values adopted by his peers and contemporaries. The images he conjures up of dirty streets and lavish mansions are also historically accurate representations of life in London powerfully supporting the supposition that the city was the subject of Shakespeare's criticism. Perhaps Shakespeare is offering a theory behind the state of London and what can be done to change it. He also makes reference to what he feels women's role is in society through the characters of Isabella, Mariana and Mistress Overdone in particular. These are three women who do not fit into the role of wife and each have different ways of life, yet still find their destinies have been handed over to men. It is possible that in this play Shakespeare is criticising the misogyny of 17th Century London and maybe even King James I (although the latter is highly unlikely he would get away with it). A counter-argument is offered by Linda Bambur's Comic Women, Tragic Men: a Study of Gender and Genre in Shakespeare, that â€Å"the writer fails to attribute the opposite sex characters the privileges of the other† hints at Shakespeare's own sexist attitude. She hints that the treatment of women in Measure for Measure is a parody for Shakespeare's own attitude towards them. Truth be told, his subliminal messages in Measure for Measure may never be known, but one fact remains. Whether as a result of playwrights like Shakespeare, or simply because of a gradual change in attitudes, two centuries after this play and its highlighting of deep-rooted patriarchy, the first feminist movement sprang up. London has never been the same.

Essay about The Great Depression in the United States

The era of the 1930s through the 1940s is one of the darkest periods in America’s history. It was a time of despair for all Americans. This dreadful time was caused by various reasons and hit America when it was least expected. It also had many effects which left an impact on America still up to this day. At that time, there was no abundance of anything: no jobs, no food, and certainly no abundance of money. However, there was surely an abundance of sadness. America had no hope since the money was a thin, green line, and there was no food or clean water to drink. The monstrosity began on the year of 1930 and lasted up to the year of 1940 or in some places even more. The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl were one of the most famous†¦show more content†¦Simple things were not simple anymore. Life had changed for everyone. The Dust Bowl was a both manmade and natural disaster. It was a period of rigorous dust storms that significantly damaged Americas agriculture in th e prairies. The Dust Bowl affected over 100,000 acres of land which centered Texas and Oklahoma and parts of Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico. The droughts and the failure to apply dry-land farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the dust storms. During the 1920s, farmers deep-plowed the topsoil off of the land. This led to a displacement of deep-rooted grasses that were suppose to trap the soil and moisture. Without the soil and moisture, the dirt was really easy to blow away with just a little wind. The unanchored soil loosened and when the winds blew, the dirt would form clouds that sometimes even blackened the sky. The â€Å"blackened sky† was also known as a black roller or a black blizzard. Cotton farmers left fields bare over winter months when winds were at their highest point, which also loosened up the dirt. 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